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Understanding the Data
Key definitions and context for the metrics shown above.
Visa Categories Included
H-1B — Specialty occupations. The largest and most common category. Requires a bachelor’s degree or equivalent.
H-1B1 — Professionals from Chile and Singapore under free trade agreements. Smaller program with specific annual caps.
E-3 — Australian nationals in specialty occupations. Similar requirements to H-1B but limited to Australians.
What the Flags Mean
H-1B-heavy employer share
Color = what share of certified jobs here were filed by companies that told DOL most of their U.S. staff are on H-1B (usually 15%+). Bigger circle = more jobs, not more residents. An employer is generally “H-1B dependent” if H-1B workers are 15% or more of its U.S. workforce (lower bars for very small firms). That is a company-wide self-check on the LCA, not a count of people in this ZIP. High % is common where staffing and outsourcing shops file a lot. It does not mean every job here is abusive.
Color = what share of certified jobs here were filed by companies that told DOL most of their U.S. staff are on H-1B (usually 15%+). Bigger circle = more jobs, not more residents. An employer is generally “H-1B dependent” if H-1B workers are 15% or more of its U.S. workforce (lower bars for very small firms). That is a company-wide self-check on the LCA, not a count of people in this ZIP. High % is common where staffing and outsourcing shops file a lot. It does not mean every job here is abusive.
Willful-violator share
Color = what share of certified jobs here were filed by companies DOL already found willfully broke H-1B rules. Most places are 0% (green). Bigger circle = more jobs. A willful-violator finding means DOL’s Wage & Hour Division concluded the employer broke the rules knowingly or with reckless disregard. Those firms face extra wage rules for years. Nationwide this % is usually under 1% because few employers are ever investigated. A hot ZIP is a flag, not proof that these specific jobs were the violation.
Color = what share of certified jobs here were filed by companies DOL already found willfully broke H-1B rules. Most places are 0% (green). Bigger circle = more jobs. A willful-violator finding means DOL’s Wage & Hour Division concluded the employer broke the rules knowingly or with reckless disregard. Those firms face extra wage rules for years. Nationwide this % is usually under 1% because few employers are ever investigated. A hot ZIP is a flag, not proof that these specific jobs were the violation.
These are employer-level self-attestations on the LCA form, not individual worker data.
